Sheikh Hibatullah Akhundzada, the leader of the Islamic Emirate, said in Article Five of a decree on women’s rights issued in 2021 that a woman has the right to a fixed share (Ashab-ul-Furud) and a residual share (Al-Asabat) of the inheritance of her deceased husband, children, father and other relatives. No one can deprive her of this right.
Long distances to health centers, economic problems, and shortages of female doctors, medicines, and medical equipment have created serious difficulties for women in rural areas in accessing healthcare services. According to statistics from the Ministry of Public Health, more than 4,000 health centers are operating and more than 35,000 health workers are currently working across Afghanistan.
Sheikh Hibatullah Akhundzada, the leader of the Islamic Emirate, has emphasized the importance of an adult girl’s consent in matters of engagement and marriage in a decree issued on March 19, 2025. The decree states that a girl’s guardian must consult her and consider her consent when arranging her engagement, and that he cannot force her to marry without her consent.
A number of girls in Afghanistan, despite restrictions on continuing their education, share what they have learned with their siblings at home. Salam Watandar’s findings from interviews with 21 girls in eight provinces show that preserving their knowledge, continuing their learning, and helping family members are among their main reasons for teaching at home.
After a couple separates, maintaining contact between parents and their children is an important family issue. Religious scholars and legal experts say that in such cases, the children’s well-being, upbringing, and best interests should be given special attention. They say families should provide opportunities for children to maintain contact with both parents, especially their mothers, within the framework of Sharia and legal principles.
Specialist obstetricians and gynecologists, emphasizing that having a period is a natural part of girls’ growth, say that many girls experience their first period with fear and anxiety because of a lack of awareness and the existence of misconceptions in society. They say that providing timely information about the physical and emotional changes of puberty can help girls go through this stage with greater peace of mind.
A number of women in Sar-e-Pol say that economic difficulties and certain family problems sometimes delay their visits to health centers and their treatment. Social and health experts emphasize that paying attention to the health of all family members and seeking timely medical care can help prevent illnesses from worsening and contribute to maintaining family health.
Postpartum bleeding, high blood pressure, and limited access to healthcare services are among the most important causes of maternal deaths in Afghanistan. This finding is based on interviews with the families of victims, doctors, international organizations, and the Ministry of Public Health. In this report, Salam Watandar interviewed 15 families, international organizations, doctors, and the Ministry of Public Health of the Islamic Emirate.
Findings from Salam Watandar’s interviews with 40 women volunteers across 11 provinces show that many women have turned to volunteer work due to limited employment opportunities, the need to gain work experience, maintain connections to their professions, develop their skills, pursue their interest in working, and serve their communities.
Although Islamic jurisprudence and religious teachings emphasize the human dignity and rights of women with disabilities, the experiences shared by some of these women show that they continue to face challenges in various aspects of life, including education, employment, access to services, and, in some cases, inheritance-related issues. Religious scholars and legal experts say that expanding support services and raising awareness among families and the society could help improve their situation and create greater opportunities for them.
Although, according to Islamic Sharia and custom, providing safe drinking water is considered one of the responsibilities of the men in a household, the reality in many villages across Afghanistan shows that this responsibility largely falls on women. They say that because men are busy working outside the home, they play a smaller role in providing water, making it a daily responsibility for women.
Hiba (gift) means the transfer of property to another person without receiving anything in return. Once a gift is made and received, ownership of the property generally passes to the recipient. Religious scholars and legal experts say that although a gift may be revoked in certain exceptional circumstances, the general principle is that ownership is transferred to the recipient, and revoking a gift is considered undesirable from both religious and ethical perspectives.
